Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt -

Commonly occurs in infants under 1 year of age. Key Clinical Features:

Promoting breastfeeding and proper weaning foods. Education: Educating parents on nutrition and hygiene.

, alternatively classified as protein-energy undernutrition (PEU), is a critical global health condition arising from a chronic deficit in macronutrients. It develops when dietary protein intake, total caloric energy intake, or both, fail to meet foundational metabolic requirements. PEM impacts millions globally, manifesting heavily in developing regions while serving as a prominent secondary complication in acute care hospitals worldwide. Protein Energy Malnutrition Ppt

Enlarged, fatty liver caused by a lack of apolipoproteins required for lipid transport out of hepatocytes. 5. Diagnostic Evaluation and Assessment

High susceptibility to infections (e.g., pneumonia, diarrhea) [Source: PMC81630]. Mental Changes: Apathy, irritability, and lethargy. Commonly occurs in infants under 1 year of age

A quick tool used in field studies to measure muscle wasting.

Severe deficiency of all macronutrients, primarily calories (total starvation). Enlarged, fatty liver caused by a lack of

| Feature | Marasmus (Non-edematous PEM) | Kwashiorkor (Edematous PEM) | | --- | --- | --- | | | Chronic total calorie deficiency | Acute protein deficiency (often with adequate calories) | | Age | Usually under 1 year | Usually older toddler (18-24 months) | | Appearance | “Old man’s face” – severe wasting | Moon face, puffy, swollen belly | | Edema | Absent | Present (pedal, periorbital) | | Skin changes | Dry, thin, wrinkled | Dermatosis (“flaky paint” or mosaic skin) | | Hair changes | Sparse, thin | Dyspigmentation (flag sign), brittle | | Appetite | Often ravenous | Usually poor or absent | | Fatty liver | Absent | Common | | Serum albumin | Normal or mildly low | Very low |

Transition from F-75 to F-100 formula (100 kcal/100 ml) or Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food ( RUTF ), such as peanut paste-based formulations.

Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is a severe form of malnutrition caused by a lack of dietary protein, calories (energy), or both. It is a critical public health issue, primarily affecting children in developing countries, though it can also affect adults facing famine or chronic disease. This condition can lead to severe developmental issues, susceptibility to infections, and death if not treated promptly. 1. Definition and Scope